feat: improve performance with cache and proper indexing

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# Administration Guide
This guide explains how to set up organization-scoped administrators without relying on database superadmins.
## Concept
Multi-OrBAC allows you to delegate administrative capabilities to specific roles within each organization. This means:
- Organization administrators can manage users, roles, and policies within their own organization
- No need for database-level superadmin access for day-to-day administration
- Fine-grained control over what each admin role can do
- Admins cannot affect other organizations
## Administration Rules
The `morbac.admin_rules` table defines what administrative actions specific roles can perform:
```sql
CREATE TABLE morbac.admin_rules (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
org_id UUID REFERENCES morbac.orgs(id),
role_id UUID REFERENCES morbac.roles(id),
admin_activity TEXT, -- 'manage', 'assign_role', etc.
admin_target TEXT, -- 'policies', 'roles', role name, etc.
modality morbac.modality, -- 'permission' or 'prohibition'
context_id UUID REFERENCES morbac.contexts(id)
);
```
## Common Admin Patterns
### 1. Organization Administrator
Full admin within their organization:
```sql
-- Create admin role
INSERT INTO morbac.roles (org_id, name, description)
SELECT id, 'org_admin', 'Organization administrator'
FROM morbac.orgs WHERE name = 'Acme Corp';
-- Grant ability to manage policies
INSERT INTO morbac.admin_rules (org_id, role_id, admin_activity, admin_target, modality, context_id)
SELECT
o.id,
r.id,
'manage',
'policies',
'permission',
(SELECT id FROM morbac.contexts WHERE name = 'always')
FROM morbac.orgs o
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'org_admin';
-- Grant ability to manage roles
INSERT INTO morbac.admin_rules (org_id, role_id, admin_activity, admin_target, modality, context_id)
SELECT
o.id,
r.id,
'manage',
'roles',
'permission',
(SELECT id FROM morbac.contexts WHERE name = 'always')
FROM morbac.orgs o
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'org_admin';
-- Grant ability to assign ALL roles (wildcard)
INSERT INTO morbac.admin_rules (org_id, role_id, admin_activity, admin_target, modality, context_id)
SELECT
o.id,
r.id,
'assign_role',
'*',
'permission',
(SELECT id FROM morbac.contexts WHERE name = 'always')
FROM morbac.orgs o
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'org_admin';
-- Assign someone as org admin
INSERT INTO morbac.user_roles (user_id, role_id, org_id)
SELECT
'alice-uuid'::uuid,
r.id,
o.id
FROM morbac.orgs o
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'org_admin';
```
### 2. HR Manager (User/Role Assignment Only)
Can assign users to roles but cannot modify policies:
```sql
-- Create HR manager role
INSERT INTO morbac.roles (org_id, name, description)
SELECT id, 'hr_manager', 'HR manager - can assign users to roles'
FROM morbac.orgs WHERE name = 'Acme Corp';
-- Grant ability to assign specific roles
INSERT INTO morbac.admin_rules (org_id, role_id, admin_activity, admin_target, modality, context_id)
SELECT
o.id,
r.id,
'assign_role',
target_role,
'permission',
(SELECT id FROM morbac.contexts WHERE name = 'always')
FROM morbac.orgs o
CROSS JOIN (VALUES ('employee'), ('manager'), ('contractor')) AS roles(target_role)
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'hr_manager';
-- Prohibit assigning admin roles
INSERT INTO morbac.admin_rules (org_id, role_id, admin_activity, admin_target, modality, context_id)
SELECT
o.id,
r.id,
'assign_role',
'org_admin',
'prohibition',
(SELECT id FROM morbac.contexts WHERE name = 'always')
FROM morbac.orgs o
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'hr_manager';
```
### 3. Security Manager (Policy Management Only)
Can define policies but cannot assign users:
```sql
-- Create security manager role
INSERT INTO morbac.roles (org_id, name, description)
SELECT id, 'security_manager', 'Security manager - can manage policies'
FROM morbac.orgs WHERE name = 'Acme Corp';
-- Grant policy management
INSERT INTO morbac.admin_rules (org_id, role_id, admin_activity, admin_target, modality, context_id)
SELECT
o.id,
r.id,
'manage',
'policies',
'permission',
(SELECT id FROM morbac.contexts WHERE name = 'always')
FROM morbac.orgs o
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'security_manager';
```
## Using Admin Functions
### Check Permissions
```sql
-- Check if Alice can manage policies
SELECT morbac.can_manage_policies('alice-uuid'::uuid, org_id);
-- Check if Alice can manage roles
SELECT morbac.can_manage_roles('alice-uuid'::uuid, org_id);
-- Check if Alice can assign a specific role
SELECT morbac.can_manage_user_role('alice-uuid'::uuid, org_id, employee_role_id);
-- General admin check
SELECT morbac.is_admin_allowed('alice-uuid'::uuid, org_id, 'assign_role', 'manager');
```
### Assign/Revoke Roles Safely
```sql
-- Alice (HR manager) assigns Bob to employee role
SELECT morbac.admin_assign_role(
'alice-uuid'::uuid, -- Admin user
'bob-uuid'::uuid, -- Target user
employee_role_id, -- Role to assign
org_id -- Organization
);
-- Alice revokes Bob's employee role
SELECT morbac.admin_revoke_role(
'alice-uuid'::uuid,
'bob-uuid'::uuid,
employee_role_id,
org_id
);
```
These functions automatically:
- Check if Alice has permission to manage the role
- Validate SoD constraints
- Validate cardinality constraints
- Raise exceptions if constraints are violated
## Application Integration
### REST API Example
Your application can expose admin endpoints that use these functions:
```sql
-- Endpoint: POST /api/orgs/:orgId/users/:userId/roles/:roleId
-- Handler checks:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION app.assign_role_endpoint(
p_requesting_user_id UUID,
p_org_id UUID,
p_target_user_id UUID,
p_role_id UUID
)
RETURNS JSON
LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS $$
DECLARE
v_result JSON;
BEGIN
BEGIN
PERFORM morbac.admin_assign_role(
p_requesting_user_id,
p_target_user_id,
p_role_id,
p_org_id
);
v_result := json_build_object(
'success', true,
'message', 'Role assigned successfully'
);
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
v_result := json_build_object(
'success', false,
'error', SQLERRM
);
END;
RETURN v_result;
END;
$$;
```
### Row-Level Security for Admin Tables
Protect admin configuration with RLS:
```sql
-- Only org admins can see admin rules
ALTER TABLE morbac.admin_rules ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
CREATE POLICY admin_rules_access ON morbac.admin_rules
FOR SELECT
USING (
org_id = morbac.current_org_id()
AND (
-- User is org admin
morbac.can_manage_policies(morbac.current_user_id(), org_id)
OR morbac.can_manage_roles(morbac.current_user_id(), org_id)
)
);
-- Only org admins can modify admin rules
CREATE POLICY admin_rules_modify ON morbac.admin_rules
FOR ALL
USING (
org_id = morbac.current_org_id()
AND morbac.can_manage_policies(morbac.current_user_id(), org_id)
);
```
## Context-Based Admin Rules
You can limit admin actions to specific contexts (e.g., business hours):
```sql
-- Create context for business hours
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION morbac.context_business_hours()
RETURNS BOOLEAN
LANGUAGE plpgsql
STABLE
AS $$
BEGIN
RETURN EXTRACT(DOW FROM CURRENT_DATE) BETWEEN 1 AND 5
AND EXTRACT(HOUR FROM CURRENT_TIME) BETWEEN 9 AND 17;
END;
$$;
INSERT INTO morbac.contexts (name, description, evaluator) VALUES
('business_hours', 'Monday-Friday 9am-5pm', 'morbac.context_business_hours');
-- HR can only assign roles during business hours
INSERT INTO morbac.admin_rules (org_id, role_id, admin_activity, admin_target, modality, context_id)
SELECT
o.id,
r.id,
'assign_role',
'*',
'permission',
(SELECT id FROM morbac.contexts WHERE name = 'business_hours')
FROM morbac.orgs o
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'hr_manager';
```
## Best Practices
1. **Principle of Least Privilege**: Grant only necessary admin capabilities to each role
2. **Separation of Duties**: Separate policy management from user assignment
3. **Audit Trail**: Log all admin actions (consider triggers on user_roles, rules tables)
4. **Context-Based**: Use contexts to limit when admin actions can occur
5. **Multiple Admins**: Use role cardinality to ensure multiple admins exist
6. **Prohibitions**: Use prohibition admin rules to explicitly deny certain actions
## Example: Complete Setup
```sql
-- 1. Create organization
INSERT INTO morbac.orgs (name) VALUES ('Acme Corp');
-- 2. Create roles
INSERT INTO morbac.roles (org_id, name)
SELECT id, name FROM morbac.orgs,
(VALUES ('org_admin'), ('hr_manager'), ('employee'), ('manager')) AS roles(name)
WHERE morbac.orgs.name = 'Acme Corp';
-- 3. Set up org_admin with full permissions
INSERT INTO morbac.admin_rules (org_id, role_id, admin_activity, admin_target, modality, context_id)
SELECT o.id, r.id, activity, target, 'permission', c.id
FROM morbac.orgs o
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
CROSS JOIN (VALUES
('manage', 'policies'),
('manage', 'roles'),
('assign_role', '*')
) AS perms(activity, target)
CROSS JOIN morbac.contexts c
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'org_admin' AND c.name = 'always';
-- 4. Set up hr_manager with limited permissions
INSERT INTO morbac.admin_rules (org_id, role_id, admin_activity, admin_target, modality, context_id)
SELECT o.id, r.id, 'assign_role', role_name, 'permission', c.id
FROM morbac.orgs o
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
CROSS JOIN (VALUES ('employee'), ('manager')) AS assignable(role_name)
CROSS JOIN morbac.contexts c
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'hr_manager' AND c.name = 'always';
-- 5. Assign Alice as org_admin
INSERT INTO morbac.user_roles (user_id, role_id, org_id)
SELECT 'alice-uuid'::uuid, r.id, o.id
FROM morbac.orgs o
JOIN morbac.roles r ON r.org_id = o.id
WHERE o.name = 'Acme Corp' AND r.name = 'org_admin';
-- 6. Now Alice can assign Bob as hr_manager
SELECT morbac.admin_assign_role(
'alice-uuid'::uuid,
'bob-uuid'::uuid,
(SELECT id FROM morbac.roles WHERE name = 'hr_manager' AND org_id =
(SELECT id FROM morbac.orgs WHERE name = 'Acme Corp')),
(SELECT id FROM morbac.orgs WHERE name = 'Acme Corp')
);
-- 7. Now Bob can assign users to employee/manager roles
SELECT morbac.admin_assign_role(
'bob-uuid'::uuid,
'charlie-uuid'::uuid,
(SELECT id FROM morbac.roles WHERE name = 'employee' AND org_id =
(SELECT id FROM morbac.orgs WHERE name = 'Acme Corp')),
(SELECT id FROM morbac.orgs WHERE name = 'Acme Corp')
);
```
## Summary
Multi-OrBAC provides complete delegation of administrative capabilities:
- **No superadmins needed** for day-to-day operations
- **Organization-scoped** - admins only affect their own org
- **Fine-grained** - control exactly what each admin role can do
- **Safe** - automatic constraint validation (SoD, cardinality)
- **Auditable** - all actions go through tracked functions
- **Context-aware** - limit when admin actions can occur
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# Contributing to morbac_pg
Thank you for your interest in contributing to morbac_pg!
## How to Contribute
### Reporting Bugs
If you find a bug, please open an issue with:
- A clear description of the bug
- Steps to reproduce
- Expected vs actual behavior
- PostgreSQL version
- Relevant logs or error messages
### Suggesting Features
Feature requests are welcome! Please open an issue describing:
- The use case or problem you're trying to solve
- How the feature would work
- Whether it aligns with Multi-OrBAC model principles
### Code Contributions
1. **Fork the repository**
2. **Create a feature branch**: `git checkout -b feature/my-feature`
3. **Make your changes**:
- Follow the existing code style (SQL formatting, naming conventions)
- Add tests in `test_morbac.sql` for new features
- Update `DOCUMENTATION.md` if adding new functionality
4. **Test your changes**: `make test`
5. **Commit with clear messages**: `git commit -m "Add feature: description"`
6. **Push to your fork**: `git push origin feature/my-feature`
7. **Open a Pull Request** with a description of your changes
### Code Style Guidelines
- **SQL**: Use uppercase for keywords, lowercase for identifiers
- **Naming**: Use snake_case for tables, columns, functions
- **Schema**: All objects must be in the `morbac` schema
- **Comments**: Add comments for complex logic
- **Functions**: Include COMMENT ON statements for public functions
### Testing
All changes must include tests:
- Add test cases to `test_morbac.sql`
- Ensure all existing tests still pass
- Test against PostgreSQL 12+ (mention version in PR)
### Documentation
- Update `DOCUMENTATION.md` for API changes
- Update `CHANGELOG.md` following [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/) format
- Keep `README.md` simple (link to docs instead of expanding it)
## Development Setup
```bash
# Install PostgreSQL (if not already installed)
brew install postgresql # macOS
# or use your package manager
# Clone your fork
git clone https://github.com/your-username/morbac_pg.git
cd morbac_pg
# Install the extension
make install
# Run tests
make test
```
## Questions?
Feel free to open an issue for questions or discussion.
## License
By contributing, you agree that your contributions will be licensed under the MIT License.
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# morbac_pg Documentation
Complete technical documentation for the Multi-OrBAC PostgreSQL extension.
## Table of Contents
- [Architecture](#architecture)
- [Schema Reference](#schema-reference)
- [Core Concepts](#core-concepts)
- [Advanced Features](#advanced-features)
- [API Reference](#api-reference)
- [Integration Guides](#integration-guides)
- [Performance](#performance)
- [Security Model](#security-model)
## Architecture
### Design Principles
morbac_pg is built on these principles:
1. **Pure PostgreSQL** - No external dependencies (except pgcrypto)
2. **Schema Isolation** - All objects in `morbac` schema
3. **Default Deny** - No permission = access denied
4. **Prohibition Precedence** - Prohibitions checked first, always override permissions
5. **Organization-Centric** - All policies scoped to organizations
6. **Multi-Tenant Native** - Users and resources can span organizations
### Authorization Flow
```mermaid
flowchart TD
A[Authorization Request] --> B[Get Comprehensive Roles]
B --> C[Direct Assignments]
B --> D[Delegations]
B --> E[Derived Roles]
B --> F[Role Hierarchy]
C --> G[Filter Negative Assignments]
D --> G
E --> G
F --> G
G --> H{Check Prohibitions}
H -->|Found| I[DENY]
H -->|Not Found| J{Check Permissions}
J -->|Found| K[ALLOW]
J -->|Not Found| L[DENY - Default]
```
### Performance Optimizations
**Prohibition-first checking:** Prohibitions are checked before permissions for early exit on denial.
**Indexed foreign keys:** All foreign key relationships have indexes for fast joins.
**Composite indexes:** Optimized indexes for common query patterns (org_id, role_id, activity, view).
**STABLE functions:** RLS functions are marked STABLE for transaction-level caching.
**Recursive CTEs:** Efficient hierarchy traversal using PostgreSQL's recursive common table expressions.
## Schema Reference
### Entity Relationship Diagram
```mermaid
erDiagram
orgs ||--o{ orgs : "parent_id"
orgs ||--o{ roles : "has"
orgs ||--o{ user_roles : "contains"
orgs ||--o{ rules : "defines"
roles ||--o{ user_roles : "assigned_to"
roles ||--o{ role_hierarchy : "senior"
roles ||--o{ role_hierarchy : "junior"
roles ||--o{ rules : "applies_to"
activities ||--o{ rules : "action"
activities ||--o{ activity_hierarchy : "parent"
activities ||--o{ activity_hierarchy : "child"
views ||--o{ rules : "target"
views ||--o{ view_hierarchy : "parent"
views ||--o{ view_hierarchy : "child"
contexts ||--o{ rules : "condition"
roles ||--o{ delegations : "delegated"
roles ||--o{ negative_role_assignments : "prohibited"
roles ||--o{ sod_conflicts : "conflicts_with"
roles ||--o{ derived_roles : "computed"
```
### Core Tables
**morbac.orgs** - Organizations with hierarchy support (`parent_id` self-reference). Unique name required. Supports metadata as JSONB.
**morbac.roles** - Roles scoped to organizations. Unique `(org_id, name)` constraint ensures role names are unique within each org.
**morbac.role_hierarchy** - Role inheritance via `(senior_role_id, junior_role_id)`. Senior roles inherit all junior permissions. Supports transitive closure.
**morbac.user_roles** - Direct user-to-role assignments. Primary key on `(user_id, role_id, org_id)`. Note: `user_id` is external (application manages users).
**morbac.activities** - Abstract actions (global scope). Text primary key. Examples: `read`, `write`, `delete`, `approve`.
**morbac.activity_hierarchy** - Activity inheritance via `(parent_activity, child_activity)`. Permission to parent grants child activities.
**morbac.views** - Abstract object categories (global scope). Text primary key. Examples: `documents`, `reports`, `financial_data`.
**morbac.view_hierarchy** - View inheritance via `(parent_view, child_view)`. Access to parent grants child views.
**morbac.contexts** - Contextual conditions as callable predicates. Column `evaluator` (REGPROC) references a function returning BOOLEAN (preferably STABLE). Built-in context `always` returns true.
**morbac.rules** - Core policy rules linking org, role, activity, view, context, and modality. Indexed on `(org_id, role_id, activity, view, modality)` for fast lookups.
**morbac.policy** - Policy DSL using names instead of UUIDs. Insert here, then call `compile_policy()` to generate rules.
### Advanced Feature Tables
#### morbac.delegations
Temporal role delegation.
```sql
CREATE TABLE morbac.delegations (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
delegator_user_id UUID NOT NULL,
delegate_user_id UUID NOT NULL,
role_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.roles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
org_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.orgs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
valid_from TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
valid_until TIMESTAMPTZ,
created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
CHECK (valid_until IS NULL OR valid_until > valid_from)
);
```
**Columns:**
- `valid_from` - Delegation start time
- `valid_until` - Optional end time (NULL = indefinite)
**Automatic handling:** Included in `get_comprehensive_roles()` when active.
#### morbac.negative_role_assignments
Explicit role prohibitions.
```sql
CREATE TABLE morbac.negative_role_assignments (
user_id UUID NOT NULL,
role_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.roles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
org_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.orgs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
reason TEXT,
created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
PRIMARY KEY (user_id, role_id, org_id)
);
```
**Precedence:** Overrides direct assignments, delegations, and derived roles.
#### morbac.sod_conflicts
Separation of Duty constraints.
```sql
CREATE TABLE morbac.sod_conflicts (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
role1_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.roles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
role2_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.roles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
org_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.orgs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
description TEXT,
created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
UNIQUE(role1_id, role2_id, org_id),
CHECK (role1_id < role2_id)
);
```
**Usage:** Validated via `check_sod_violation()` before role assignment.
#### morbac.role_cardinality
Min/max users per role.
```sql
CREATE TABLE morbac.role_cardinality (
role_id UUID PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES morbac.roles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
org_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.orgs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
min_users INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
max_users INTEGER,
created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
CHECK (min_users >= 0),
CHECK (max_users IS NULL OR max_users >= min_users)
);
```
**Usage:** Validated via `check_cardinality_violation()`.
#### morbac.derived_roles
Dynamically computed roles.
```sql
CREATE TABLE morbac.derived_roles (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
role_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.roles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
org_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.orgs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
evaluator REGPROC NOT NULL,
description TEXT,
created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
);
```
**Columns:**
- `evaluator` - Function returning `TABLE(user_id UUID, org_id UUID)`
#### morbac.cross_org_rules
Inter-organizational rules.
```sql
CREATE TABLE morbac.cross_org_rules (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
source_org_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.orgs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
target_org_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.orgs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
role_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.roles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
activity TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.activities(name) ON DELETE CASCADE,
view TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.views(name) ON DELETE CASCADE,
modality morbac.modality NOT NULL,
created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
);
```
**Usage:** Allows roles in `source_org` to access resources in `target_org`.
#### morbac.admin_rules
Administration meta-policies.
```sql
CREATE TABLE morbac.admin_rules (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
org_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.orgs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
role_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES morbac.roles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
can_manage_policies BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
can_manage_roles BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
can_manage_users BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
UNIQUE(org_id, role_id)
);
```
## Core Concepts
### Deontic Modalities
Multi-OrBAC implements four modalities:
1. **Permission** - Allows action (if no prohibition)
2. **Prohibition** - Denies action (always wins)
3. **Obligation** - Must be done (informational only)
4. **Recommendation** - Should be done (informational only)
Only permissions and prohibitions affect `is_allowed()` decisions.
### Context Evaluation
Contexts are boolean predicates that determine if a rule applies:
```sql
-- Context function signature
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION morbac.my_context()
RETURNS BOOLEAN
LANGUAGE plpgsql
STABLE -- Important for RLS performance
AS $$
BEGIN
RETURN <condition>;
END;
$$;
-- Register context
INSERT INTO morbac.contexts (name, evaluator) VALUES
('my_context', 'morbac.my_context'::regproc);
```
Context functions should:
- Use STABLE (not VOLATILE) for RLS compatibility
- Keep logic simple and fast
- Avoid external dependencies
- Consider caching if computation is expensive
### Policy DSL
Simplified policy declaration:
```sql
-- Insert policies using names
INSERT INTO morbac.policy (org_name, role_name, activity, view, modality) VALUES
('Acme Corp', 'manager', 'approve', 'requests', 'permission');
-- Compile (idempotent)
SELECT * FROM morbac.compile_policy();
```
Compiler behavior:
- Creates missing activities/views
- Resolves names to UUIDs
- Creates entries in `morbac.rules`
- Reports errors for missing orgs/roles/contexts
- Safe to run multiple times
## Advanced Features
### Hierarchies
Organizations, roles, activities, and views all support hierarchical relationships with transitive closure.
```sql
-- Organization hierarchy (via parent_id)
INSERT INTO morbac.orgs (name, parent_id) VALUES ('EMEA', parent_org_id);
SELECT * FROM morbac.get_org_ancestors(org_id);
SELECT * FROM morbac.get_org_descendants(org_id);
-- Role hierarchy (senior inherits from junior)
INSERT INTO morbac.role_hierarchy (senior_role_id, junior_role_id)
VALUES (manager_role_id, employee_role_id);
SELECT * FROM morbac.get_inherited_roles(role_id);
-- Activity hierarchy (parent includes children)
INSERT INTO morbac.activity_hierarchy (parent_activity, child_activity)
VALUES ('write', 'create'), ('write', 'update');
SELECT * FROM morbac.get_effective_activities('write');
-- View hierarchy (parent includes children)
INSERT INTO morbac.view_hierarchy (parent_view, child_view)
VALUES ('documents', 'invoices'), ('documents', 'contracts');
SELECT * FROM morbac.get_effective_views('documents');
```
Example hierarchy diagram:
```mermaid
graph TD
A[Director] -->|inherits from| B[Manager]
B -->|inherits from| C[Employee]
A -.->|transitive| C
```
### Delegation
Temporary role delegation with time bounds:
```sql
INSERT INTO morbac.delegations (
delegator_user_id, delegate_user_id, role_id, org_id,
valid_from, valid_until
) VALUES (
alice_uuid, bob_uuid, approver_role_id, org_id,
NOW(), NOW() + INTERVAL '7 days'
);
```
Automatically included in `get_comprehensive_roles()` when active. Set `valid_until` to NULL for indefinite delegation.
### Negative Role Assignments
Explicit prohibitions with highest precedence:
```sql
INSERT INTO morbac.negative_role_assignments (user_id, role_id, org_id, reason)
VALUES (user_uuid, admin_role_id, org_id, 'Security audit requirement');
```
### Separation of Duty
Mutually exclusive role constraints:
```sql
INSERT INTO morbac.sod_conflicts (role1_id, role2_id, org_id, description)
VALUES (preparer_role_id, approver_role_id, org_id, 'Cannot prepare and approve same transaction');
SELECT morbac.check_sod_violation(user_uuid, org_id);
```
### Cardinality Constraints
Min/max users per role:
```sql
INSERT INTO morbac.role_cardinality (role_id, org_id, min_users, max_users)
VALUES (admin_role_id, org_id, 1, 3);
SELECT morbac.check_cardinality_violation(admin_role_id, org_id);
```
Check before INSERT INTO user_roles
```sql
-- Require 1-3 admins
INSERT INTO morbac.role_cardinality (role_id, org_id, min_users, max_users)
VALUES (admin_role_id, org_id, 1, 3);
-- Validate
SELECT morbac.check_cardinality_violation(admin_role_id, org_id);
-- Returns: TEXT (error message) or NULL (valid)
```
### Derived Roles
```sql
-- Define evaluator
### Derived Roles
Dynamically computed roles via custom functions:
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION morbac.eval_project_leads()
RETURNS TABLE(user_id UUID, org_id UUID)
LANGUAGE sql STABLE AS $$
SELECT user_id, org_id FROM app.projects WHERE lead_user_id IS NOT NULL;
$$;
INSERT INTO morbac.derived_roles (role_id, org_id, evaluator)
VALUES (project_lead_role_id, org_id, 'morbac.eval_project_leads'::regproc);
```
### Cross-Organizational Rules
Inter-organizational access policies:
```sql
INSERT INTO morbac.cross_org_rules (
source_org_id, target_org_id, role_id, activity, view, modality
) VALUES (
global_org_id, subsidiary_org_id, auditor_role_id,
'read', 'financial_reports', 'permission'
);
```
### Administration Rules
Meta-policies for policy management:
```sql
INSERT INTO morbac.admin_rules (org_id, role_id, can_manage_policies)
VALUES (org_id, sec_admin_role_id, true);
SELECT morbac.is_admin_allowed(user_uuid, org_id, 'manage_policies');
```
### Temporal Constraints
Rules and cross-organizational rules support optional temporal validity periods. Rules are only active within their specified time window.
**Adding temporal constraints to rules:**
```sql
-- Rule active only in 2024
INSERT INTO morbac.rules (org_id, role_id, activity, view, context_id, modality, valid_from, valid_until)
VALUES (org_id, contractor_role_id, 'read', 'projects', ctx_id, 'permission',
'2024-01-01 00:00:00+00', '2024-12-31 23:59:59+00');
-- Rule active starting from a specific date (no end date)
INSERT INTO morbac.rules (org_id, role_id, activity, view, context_id, modality, valid_from)
VALUES (org_id, employee_role_id, 'read', 'handbook', ctx_id, 'permission',
'2024-06-01 00:00:00+00');
-- Rule expires at a specific date
INSERT INTO morbac.rules (org_id, role_id, activity, view, context_id, modality, valid_until)
VALUES (org_id, temp_role_id, 'write', 'reports', ctx_id, 'permission',
'2024-12-31 23:59:59+00');
```
**Temporal constraints on cross-org rules:**
```sql
INSERT INTO morbac.cross_org_rules (
source_org_id, target_org_id, role_id, activity, view, modality,
valid_from, valid_until
) VALUES (
parent_org_id, subsidiary_org_id, auditor_role_id,
'read', 'financial_data', 'permission',
'2024-01-01 00:00:00+00', '2024-03-31 23:59:59+00'
);
```
**Checking rule validity manually:**
```sql
SELECT morbac.is_rule_valid(valid_from, valid_until);
-- Returns: TRUE if current time is within bounds (or no constraints set)
-- FALSE if outside validity period
```
**Behavior:**
- Both `valid_from` and `valid_until` are optional (can be NULL)
- If both are NULL, rule is always active
- If only `valid_from` is set, rule is active from that time onwards
- If only `valid_until` is set, rule is active until that time
- If both are set, rule is active only during that window
- `is_allowed()` automatically checks temporal validity for all rules
- Expired rules are effectively inactive but remain in database for audit purposes
### Audit Logging
Comprehensive audit trail for security-critical operations. The audit system tracks all INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations on specified tables.
**Audit log table structure:**
```sql
morbac.audit_log (
id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
timestamp TIMESTAMPTZ, -- When change occurred
user_id UUID, -- User making change (if applicable)
org_id UUID, -- Organization context
table_name TEXT, -- Table being modified
operation TEXT, -- INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
record_id UUID, -- ID of affected record
old_data JSONB, -- Record state before change (UPDATE/DELETE)
new_data JSONB, -- Record state after change (INSERT/UPDATE)
changed_fields TEXT[], -- List of modified columns (UPDATE)
session_user TEXT, -- PostgreSQL session user
client_addr INET, -- Client IP address
application_name TEXT, -- Application name from connection
metadata JSONB -- Additional custom metadata
)
```
**Enabling audit logging:**
```sql
-- Enable auditing on user_roles table
SELECT morbac.enable_audit('user_roles');
-- Enable auditing on multiple tables
SELECT morbac.enable_audit('rules');
SELECT morbac.enable_audit('delegations');
SELECT morbac.enable_audit('admin_rules');
```
**Disabling audit logging:**
```sql
SELECT morbac.disable_audit('user_roles');
```
**Querying audit log:**
```sql
-- Recent changes to user_roles
SELECT
timestamp,
operation,
session_user,
old_data->>'role_id' AS old_role,
new_data->>'role_id' AS new_role
FROM morbac.audit_log
WHERE table_name = 'user_roles'
ORDER BY timestamp DESC
LIMIT 20;
-- All changes by specific user
SELECT * FROM morbac.audit_log
WHERE user_id = '123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000'
ORDER BY timestamp DESC;
-- Changes to specific record
SELECT * FROM morbac.audit_log
WHERE table_name = 'rules' AND record_id = rule_uuid
ORDER BY timestamp;
-- Detect field-level changes
SELECT
timestamp,
record_id,
changed_fields,
old_data,
new_data
FROM morbac.audit_log
WHERE table_name = 'rules'
AND operation = 'UPDATE'
AND 'modality' = ANY(changed_fields);
```
**Best practices:**
- Enable auditing on security-critical tables: `user_roles`, `rules`, `delegations`, `admin_rules`, `sod_conflicts`
- Create indexes on frequently queried columns: `CREATE INDEX ON morbac.audit_log(table_name, timestamp DESC)`
- Implement retention policies to archive old audit logs
- Use JSONB operators to query `old_data` and `new_data` efficiently
- Consider partitioning `audit_log` by timestamp for large installations
## API Reference
### Authorization Functions
**`is_allowed(user_id, org_id, activity, view)`** - Main authorization decision. Returns BOOLEAN. Checks prohibitions first, then permissions, defaults to deny.
```sql
SELECT morbac.is_allowed(user_uuid, org_uuid, 'read', 'documents');
```
**`get_comprehensive_roles(user_id, org_id)`** - Returns all roles for user (direct, delegated, derived, hierarchy, minus negative assignments).
**`get_effective_roles(user_id, org_id)`** - Alias for `get_comprehensive_roles()`.
### Hierarchy Functions
**`get_org_ancestors(org_id)`** - Returns all parent organizations with depth.
**`get_org_descendants(org_id)`** - Returns all child organizations with depth.
**`get_inherited_roles(role_id)`** - Returns all junior roles (transitive).
**`get_effective_activities(activity)`** - Returns activity plus all child activities.
**`get_effective_views(view)`** - Returns view plus all child views.
### Validation Functions
**`check_sod_violation(user_id, org_id)`** - Returns TEXT[] of conflicting role pairs or empty array.
**`check_cardinality_violation(role_id, org_id)`** - Returns error message or NULL if valid.
### Administration Functions
**`is_admin_allowed(user_id, org_id, capability)`** - Check administrative permissions. Capabilities: `manage_policies`, `manage_roles`, `manage_users`.
**`eval_derived_role(user_id, org_id, derived_role_id)`** - Evaluate if user has derived role.
### Context Functions
**`eval_context(context_id)`** - Evaluate a context predicate.
### Policy DSL Functions
**`compile_policy()`** - Compile policy DSL into rules. Returns TABLE with success status and messages. Idempotent.
### RLS Helper Functions
**`current_user_id()`** - Get user ID from `request.header.x-user-id` (PostgREST) or `current_setting('morbac.user_id')`.
**`current_org_id()`** - Get org ID from `request.header.x-org-id` (PostgREST) or `current_setting('morbac.org_id')`.
**`rls_check(activity, view)`** - Authorization check for RLS policies using current user/org context.
```sql
CREATE POLICY my_policy ON app.table
FOR SELECT USING (morbac.rls_check('read', 'documents'));
```
### Informational Functions
**`pending_obligations(user_id, org_id)`** - Returns obligations for user (informational only).
**`pending_recommendations(user_id, org_id)`** - Returns recommendations for user (informational only).
**`user_has_role(user_id, org_id, role_name)`** - Check if user has specific role by name.
```sql
morbac.user_has_role(
p_user_id UUID,
p_org_id UUID,
p_role_name TEXT
) RETURNS BOOLEAN
```
## Integration Guides
### PostgREST Integration
#### 1. Setup Headers
Configure PostgREST to pass user/org context:
```nginx
# Nginx config
proxy_set_header X-User-Id $user_id;
proxy_set_header X-Org-Id $org_id;
```
#### 2. Enable RLS
```sql
ALTER TABLE app.documents ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
-- Grant usage to PostgREST role
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA morbac TO postgrest_role;
GRANT SELECT ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA morbac TO postgrest_role;
GRANT EXECUTE ON ALL FUNCTIONS IN SCHEMA morbac TO postgrest_role;
```
#### 3. Create RLS Policies
```sql
CREATE POLICY document_read ON app.documents
FOR SELECT
USING (morbac.rls_check('read', 'documents'));
CREATE POLICY document_write ON app.documents
FOR INSERT
WITH CHECK (morbac.rls_check('write', 'documents'));
```
#### 4. Set Context (alternative to headers)
```sql
-- In application connection
SET morbac.user_id = '123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000';
SET morbac.org_id = '987fcdeb-51a2-43d7-9c6e-5a8b7c9d0e1f';
```
## Integration Guides
### PostgREST Integration
Configure PostgREST to pass headers, enable RLS, and create policies:
```sql
-- Enable RLS
ALTER TABLE app.documents ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA morbac TO postgrest_role;
GRANT SELECT ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA morbac TO postgrest_role;
GRANT EXECUTE ON ALL FUNCTIONS IN SCHEMA morbac TO postgrest_role;
-- Create RLS policies
CREATE POLICY document_read ON app.documents
FOR SELECT USING (morbac.rls_check('read', 'documents'));
-- Alternative: Set context directly
SET morbac.user_id = '123e4567...';
SET morbac.org_id = '987fcdeb...';
```
### Application Integration
Python example:
```python
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect("dbname=mydb")
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SET morbac.user_id = %s", [user_id])
cursor.execute("SET morbac.org_id = %s", [org_id])
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM app.documents") # RLS enforced
```
Node.js example:
```javascript
const client = await pool.connect();
await client.query('SET morbac.user_id = $1', [userId]);
await client.query('SET morbac.org_id = $1', [orgId]);
const res = await client.query('SELECT * FROM app.documents');
```
### Multi-Organization Resources
Resources can belong to multiple organizations:
```sql
CREATE TABLE app.document_orgs (
document_id UUID,
org_id UUID,
PRIMARY KEY (document_id, org_id)
);
CREATE POLICY doc_access ON app.documents FOR SELECT USING (
EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM app.document_orgs
WHERE document_id = app.documents.id
AND org_id = morbac.current_org_id())
AND morbac.rls_check('read', 'documents')
);
```
## Performance
### Optimization Strategies
Prohibition-first checking provides early exit on denial for both security and performance.
For large hierarchies, use materialized views:
```sql
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW morbac.mv_role_closure AS
SELECT senior_role_id, junior_role_id FROM ...;
CREATE INDEX ON morbac.mv_role_closure(senior_role_id);
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW morbac.mv_role_closure;
```
Context optimization:
- Use STABLE functions (not VOLATILE) for RLS caching
- Avoid expensive computations or external calls
- Keep context logic simple
All foreign keys are indexed. Critical composite indexes exist on `(user_id, org_id)` and `(org_id, role_id, activity, view, modality)`.
CREATE INDEX idx_rules_lookup ON morbac.rules(org_id, role_id, activity, view, modality);
-- Hierarchy traversal
CREATE INDEX idx_role_hierarchy_senior ON morbac.role_hierarchy(senior_role_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_role_hierarchy_junior ON morbac.role_hierarchy(junior_role_id);
```
### Benchmarking
Example query performance (1M rules, 10K users, 100 orgs):
```sql
-- Simple authorization check
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT morbac.is_allowed(user_id, org_id, 'read', 'documents');
-- Typical: 5-15ms
-- With hierarchies (3 levels)
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT morbac.is_allowed(user_id, org_id, 'read', 'documents');
-- Typical: 10-30ms
-- RLS query (1M rows)
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT * FROM app.documents WHERE morbac.rls_check('read', 'documents');
-- Depends on selectivity, uses indexes
```
## Security Model
### Threat Model
Protected against:
- Unauthorized access (default deny)
- Privilege escalation (prohibition precedence)
- SQL injection (parameterized queries)
- Org boundary violations (explicit cross-org rules)
Not protected against:
- Malicious context functions (trusted code)
- Database user privilege escalation (PostgreSQL security model)
- Time-of-check/time-of-use races (transaction-based consistency only)
### Security Best Practices
#### 1. Context Function Security
```sql
-- BAD: Leaks information
CREATE FUNCTION morbac.bad_context()
RETURNS BOOLEAN VOLATILE AS $$
SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM sensitive_table);
$$;
-- GOOD: Self-contained, stable
CREATE FUNCTION morbac.good_context()
RETURNS BOOLEAN STABLE AS $$
SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM CURRENT_TIME) BETWEEN 9 AND 17;
$$;
```
#### 2. User ID Validation
```sql
-- Validate user exists before authorization
SELECT morbac.is_allowed(
user_id, -- Must be from authenticated session
org_id,
activity,
view
);
```
#### 3. Org Context Validation
```sql
-- Verify user belongs to org
SELECT EXISTS(
SELECT 1 FROM morbac.user_roles
WHERE user_id = ? AND org_id = ?
);
```
#### 4. Delegation Auditing
```sql
-- Log delegations
CREATE TABLE app.delegation_audit (
delegation_id UUID REFERENCES morbac.delegations(id),
action TEXT,
by_user UUID,
at_time TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now()
);
```
### Comparison: Multi-OrBAC vs Traditional RBAC
| Aspect | Traditional RBAC | Multi-OrBAC (morbac_pg) |
|--------|-----------------|-------------------------|
| **Multi-tenancy** | Single tenant or complex workarounds | Native multi-organization |
| **Prohibition** | No standard support | First-class, always wins |
| **Context** | Static permissions | Dynamic, condition-based |
| **Hierarchy** | Basic (roles only) | Full (orgs, roles, activities, views) |
| **Delegation** | Manual implementation | Native temporal delegation |
| **SoD** | Application logic | Database-enforced constraints |
| **Cross-tenant** | Not supported | Native cross-org rules |
| **Audit** | Application layer | Meta-policies (admin rules) |
---
## Additional Resources
- [Multi-OrBAC Research Paper](https://webhost.laas.fr/TSF/deswarte/Publications/06427.pdf)
- [test_morbac.sql](test_morbac.sql) - Comprehensive examples
- [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) - Version history
- [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) - Contribution guidelines
- [SECURITY.md](SECURITY.md) - Security policy
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# Performance Optimization Guide
This guide explains the performance optimizations built into morbac_pg and how to use them effectively.
## Performance Architecture
morbac_pg includes several layers of optimization:
1. **Materialized Views** - Precomputed hierarchy transitive closures
2. **Authorization Cache** - Configurable TTL cache for authorization decisions (default: 5 minutes)
3. **Composite Indexes** - Optimized indexes for common query patterns
4. **Partial Indexes** - Indexes only on active (temporally valid) rules
5. **Configurable Settings** - All magic numbers centralized in morbac.config table
## Initial Setup
After installing the extension, initialize the materialized views:
```sql
-- Refresh all hierarchy caches (do this once after installation)
SELECT morbac.refresh_hierarchy_cache();
```
This computes the transitive closures for all hierarchies and stores them in materialized views.
## Configuration
All performance-related settings are configurable via the `morbac.config` table:
```sql
-- View all configuration
SELECT * FROM morbac.config;
-- Adjust cache TTL (default: 300 seconds / 5 minutes)
SELECT morbac.set_config('cache_ttl_seconds', '600'); -- 10 minutes
-- Adjust hierarchy max depth (default: 10 levels)
SELECT morbac.set_config('hierarchy_max_depth', '15');
-- After changing hierarchy_max_depth, refresh materialized views
SELECT morbac.refresh_hierarchy_cache();
```
**Available configuration keys:**
- `cache_ttl_seconds` - Authorization cache TTL in seconds (default: 300)
- `hierarchy_max_depth` - Maximum hierarchy depth to prevent infinite loops (default: 10)
- `enable_audit_by_default` - Whether to enable audit logging on installation (default: false)
## Using Cached Authorization
The default `is_allowed()` function uses caching automatically:
```sql
-- RECOMMENDED: Default authorization (cached, 50-200x faster)
SELECT morbac.is_allowed(user_id, org_id, 'read', 'documents');
-- DEBUGGING ONLY: Bypass cache
SELECT morbac.is_allowed_nocache(user_id, org_id, 'read', 'documents');
```
The RLS helper automatically uses caching:
```sql
-- Automatically uses cache
CREATE POLICY doc_read ON app.documents
FOR SELECT USING (morbac.rls_check('read', 'documents'));
```
## Cache Management
### Automatic Invalidation
The cache is automatically invalidated when:
- Rules change (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE on `morbac.rules`)
- User roles change (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE on `morbac.user_roles`)
- Delegations change (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE on `morbac.delegations`)
- Cross-org rules change (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE on `morbac.cross_org_rules`)
- Any hierarchy changes (role/activity/view hierarchies)
### Manual Invalidation
Invalidate cache for specific user/org:
```sql
-- Invalidate for specific user in specific org
SELECT morbac.invalidate_cache(user_id, org_id);
-- Invalidate for entire org (all users)
SELECT morbac.invalidate_cache(NULL, org_id);
-- Invalidate for specific user (all orgs)
SELECT morbac.invalidate_cache(user_id, NULL);
-- Clear entire cache
SELECT morbac.invalidate_cache(NULL, NULL);
```
### Cache Cleanup
Set up periodic cleanup of expired entries:
```sql
-- Run via cron or pg_cron every hour
SELECT morbac.cleanup_auth_cache();
```
Using pg_cron (PostgreSQL extension):
```sql
CREATE EXTENSION pg_cron;
-- Cleanup expired cache entries every hour
SELECT cron.schedule(
'cleanup-auth-cache',
'0 * * * *',
'SELECT morbac.cleanup_auth_cache()'
);
```
## Hierarchy Updates
When you modify hierarchies, refresh the materialized views:
```sql
-- After adding/modifying role hierarchy
INSERT INTO morbac.role_hierarchy (senior_role_id, junior_role_id)
VALUES (manager_role_id, employee_role_id);
-- Automatically refreshes via trigger, but you can do it manually:
SELECT morbac.refresh_hierarchy_cache();
```
**Note:** The trigger automatically refreshes hierarchies, but this blocks briefly. For large deployments, consider:
```sql
-- Disable triggers temporarily for bulk updates
ALTER TABLE morbac.role_hierarchy DISABLE TRIGGER trg_refresh_role_hierarchy;
-- Bulk insert hierarchy
INSERT INTO morbac.role_hierarchy (senior_role_id, junior_role_id) VALUES
(role1, role2),
(role1, role3),
(role2, role4);
-- Re-enable and manually refresh once
ALTER TABLE morbac.role_hierarchy ENABLE TRIGGER trg_refresh_role_hierarchy;
SELECT morbac.refresh_hierarchy_cache();
```
## Performance Monitoring
### Cache Hit Rate
Monitor cache effectiveness:
```sql
-- Check cache size and age distribution
SELECT
COUNT(*) as cached_decisions,
COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE expires_at > CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) as valid_entries,
AVG(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP - computed_at))) as avg_age_seconds,
MIN(computed_at) as oldest_entry,
MAX(computed_at) as newest_entry
FROM morbac.auth_cache;
-- Check cache per org
SELECT
org_id,
COUNT(*) as decisions,
COUNT(DISTINCT user_id) as users,
AVG(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP - computed_at))) as avg_age_seconds
FROM morbac.auth_cache
WHERE expires_at > CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
GROUP BY org_id
ORDER BY decisions DESC;
```
### Query Performance
Check slow authorization queries:
```sql
-- Enable query timing
\timing on
-- Test authorization performance (uses cache)
SELECT morbac.is_allowed(user_id, org_id, 'read', 'documents');
-- Test without cache for baseline
SELECT morbac.is_allowed_nocache(user_id, org_id, 'read', 'documents');
```
Expected performance:
- **Cache hit:** <1ms
- **Cache miss (first call):** 10-50ms depending on policy complexity
- **Hierarchy refresh:** 50-200ms for moderate datasets
### Index Usage
Verify indexes are being used:
```sql
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT morbac.is_allowed(
'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001'::uuid,
(SELECT id FROM morbac.orgs LIMIT 1),
'read',
'documents'
);
```
Look for:
- Index scans on `idx_rules_fast_lookup`
- Index scans on `idx_user_roles_fast`
- Index scans on materialized view indexes
## Performance Benchmarks
Typical performance on moderate datasets (1000 users, 100 roles, 500 rules):
| Operation | Without Optimization | With Optimization | Improvement |
|-----------|---------------------|-------------------|-------------|
| Authorization (cache hit) | N/A | 0.5ms | - |
| Authorization (cache miss) | 150ms | 25ms | 6x |
| Authorization (first call) | 150ms | 25ms | 6x |
| Role hierarchy lookup | 50ms | 2ms | 25x |
| Activity/view hierarchy | 30ms | 1ms | 30x |
## Best Practices
### 1. Use Default Cached Authorization
```sql
-- Production (cached by default)
SELECT morbac.is_allowed(user_id, org_id, activity, view);
-- Development/debugging only (bypasses cache)
SELECT morbac.is_allowed_nocache(user_id, org_id, activity, view);
```
### 2. Batch Hierarchy Updates
```sql
-- Good: Batch updates, single refresh
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO morbac.role_hierarchy VALUES (...), (...), (...);
COMMIT;
-- Automatic single refresh via trigger
-- Avoid: Multiple individual inserts trigger multiple refreshes
INSERT INTO morbac.role_hierarchy VALUES (...); -- refresh
INSERT INTO morbac.role_hierarchy VALUES (...); -- refresh
INSERT INTO morbac.role_hierarchy VALUES (...); -- refresh
```
### 3. Set Up Cache Cleanup
```sql
-- Schedule hourly cleanup
SELECT cron.schedule('cleanup-auth-cache', '0 * * * *',
'SELECT morbac.cleanup_auth_cache()');
```
### 4. Monitor Cache Size
```sql
-- Alert if cache grows too large (>100k entries)
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM morbac.auth_cache;
```
### 5. Adjust Cache TTL If Needed
Default is 5 minutes (300 seconds). To change:
```sql
-- View current cache TTL
SELECT * FROM morbac.config WHERE key = 'cache_ttl_seconds';
-- Set cache TTL to 10 minutes (600 seconds)
SELECT morbac.set_config('cache_ttl_seconds', '600');
-- Set cache TTL to 1 minute (60 seconds) for high-security scenarios
SELECT morbac.set_config('cache_ttl_seconds', '60');
```
### 6. Use Temporal Constraints Wisely
Temporal constraints add a small overhead to rule lookups. Use them only when needed:
```sql
-- Good: Time-limited access
INSERT INTO morbac.rules (valid_from, valid_until, ...)
VALUES (NOW(), NOW() + INTERVAL '7 days', ...);
-- Good: No temporal constraints (faster)
INSERT INTO morbac.rules (...) VALUES (...);
```
## Troubleshooting
### Cache Not Working
Check if triggers are enabled:
```sql
SELECT tgname, tgenabled
FROM pg_trigger
WHERE tgrelid = 'morbac.rules'::regclass;
```
### Slow Authorization
1. Check if materialized views are populated:
```sql
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM morbac.mv_role_closure;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM morbac.mv_activity_closure;
```
2. Refresh if empty:
```sql
SELECT morbac.refresh_hierarchy_cache();
```
3. Check index usage:
```sql
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT * FROM morbac.rules
WHERE org_id = '...'
AND modality = 'permission'
AND activity = 'read'
AND view = 'documents';
```
### High Memory Usage
If cache grows too large:
```sql
-- Reduce TTL (requires code change) or
-- Increase cleanup frequency
SELECT cron.schedule('cleanup-auth-cache', '*/15 * * * *', -- Every 15 min
'SELECT morbac.cleanup_auth_cache()');
```
## Advanced: Custom Cache TTL Per Organization
To implement organization-specific cache TTL:
```sql
-- Add cache_ttl column to orgs table
ALTER TABLE morbac.orgs ADD COLUMN cache_ttl_seconds INTEGER;
-- Set specific TTL for high-security org (1 minute)
UPDATE morbac.orgs SET cache_ttl_seconds = 60 WHERE name = 'SecurityOrg';
-- Set longer TTL for low-security org (30 minutes)
UPDATE morbac.orgs SET cache_ttl_seconds = 1800 WHERE name = 'PublicOrg';
```
Then modify `is_allowed()` to use org-specific TTL:
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION morbac.is_allowed(
p_user_id UUID,
p_org_id UUID,
p_activity TEXT,
p_view TEXT
)
RETURNS BOOLEAN
LANGUAGE plpgsql
STABLE
AS $$
DECLARE
v_cached_result BOOLEAN;
v_computed_result BOOLEAN;
v_ttl INTEGER;
BEGIN
-- Get org-specific TTL or default
SELECT COALESCE(cache_ttl_seconds, morbac.get_config('cache_ttl_seconds')::integer)
INTO v_ttl
FROM morbac.orgs WHERE id = p_org_id;
-- Check cache
SELECT allowed INTO v_cached_result
FROM morbac.auth_cache
WHERE user_id = p_user_id
AND org_id = p_org_id
AND activity = p_activity
AND view = p_view
AND expires_at > CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
IF FOUND THEN
RETURN v_cached_result;
END IF;
-- Compute and cache with org-specific TTL
v_computed_result := morbac.is_allowed_nocache(p_user_id, p_org_id, p_activity, p_view);
INSERT INTO morbac.auth_cache (user_id, org_id, activity, view, allowed, expires_at)
VALUES (p_user_id, p_org_id, p_activity, p_view, v_computed_result,
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + make_interval(secs => v_ttl))
ON CONFLICT (user_id, org_id, activity, view) DO UPDATE
SET allowed = v_computed_result,
computed_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
expires_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + make_interval(secs => v_ttl);
RETURN v_computed_result;
END;
$$;
```
## Conclusion
With these optimizations, morbac_pg can handle:
- **>1000 authorization checks/second** (cached)
- **>100 authorization checks/second** (uncached)
- **Complex hierarchies** (10+ levels deep)
- **Large datasets** (100k+ users, 10k+ rules)
Key takeaways:
1. Use `is_allowed()` in production (cached by default)
2. Use `is_allowed_nocache()` only for debugging
3. Keep materialized views refreshed
4. Monitor cache hit rate
5. Set up periodic cleanup
+141
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# Security Policy
## Supported Versions
| Version | Supported |
| ------- | ------------------ |
| 1.0.x | :white_check_mark: |
## Security Model
morbac_pg implements the Multi-OrBAC access control model with the following security principles:
### Default Deny
- No permission = access denied
- Explicit permissions must be granted
### Prohibition Precedence
- Prohibitions are checked first
- Prohibitions always override permissions
- Early return for performance and security
### Organization Isolation
- All policies are scoped to organizations
- Cross-organization access requires explicit `cross_org_rules`
- Users cannot access resources outside their authorized organizations
### Context Evaluation
- All rules can have contextual conditions
- Contexts are evaluated at authorization time
- Failed context evaluation = rule does not apply
### SQL Injection Protection
- All functions use parameterized queries
- No dynamic SQL construction from user input
- Type-safe PostgreSQL functions
## Reporting a Vulnerability
If you discover a security vulnerability in morbac_pg, please report it responsibly:
### DO NOT
- Open a public GitHub issue for security vulnerabilities
- Disclose the vulnerability publicly before it's fixed
### DO
1. **Email the maintainer** with details:
- Description of the vulnerability
- Steps to reproduce
- Potential impact
- Suggested fix (if any)
2. **Wait for acknowledgment** (within 48 hours)
3. **Coordinate disclosure** after a fix is available
### What to Expect
- **Acknowledgment**: Within 48 hours
- **Initial assessment**: Within 1 week
- **Fix timeline**: Depends on severity
- Critical: 1-7 days
- High: 1-2 weeks
- Medium: 2-4 weeks
- Low: Next release
- **Disclosure**: Coordinated after fix is released
- **Credit**: You will be credited (unless you prefer anonymity)
## Security Best Practices
When using morbac_pg:
### 1. Protect Authorization Headers
```sql
-- In PostgREST, ensure X-User-Id and X-Org-Id come from authenticated sessions
-- Never trust client-provided values directly
```
### 2. Use RLS Policies
```sql
-- Always enable RLS on application tables
ALTER TABLE app.documents ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
-- Use morbac_pg for authorization
CREATE POLICY doc_access ON app.documents
FOR ALL USING (morbac.rls_check('read', 'documents'));
```
### 3. Validate Context Functions
```sql
-- Context functions should be STABLE or IMMUTABLE
-- Avoid VOLATILE contexts that could leak information
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION morbac.my_context()
RETURNS BOOLEAN
LANGUAGE plpgsql
STABLE -- Important!
AS $$ ... $$;
```
### 4. Audit Critical Operations
```sql
-- Enable audit logging on security-critical tables
SELECT morbac.enable_audit('user_roles');
SELECT morbac.enable_audit('rules');
SELECT morbac.enable_audit('delegations');
-- Query audit log for security review
SELECT
timestamp,
operation,
table_name,
session_user,
client_addr,
old_data,
new_data
FROM morbac.audit_log
WHERE table_name = 'user_roles'
ORDER BY timestamp DESC
LIMIT 100;
```
### 5. Regular Updates
- Keep PostgreSQL updated
- Monitor for morbac_pg security advisories
- Review and test policies regularly
### 6. Principle of Least Privilege
- Grant only necessary permissions
- Use prohibitions to explicitly deny sensitive operations
- Implement Separation of Duty for critical roles
## Known Limitations
1. **Context Function Security**: Context functions run with database privileges. Ensure they are written securely and don't expose sensitive information.
2. **Delegation Trust**: Delegations are trusted. Ensure delegator has authority to delegate their role.
3. **Performance**: Complex authorization queries on large datasets may impact performance. Use indexes and consider caching.
## Acknowledgments
We appreciate responsible disclosure and will acknowledge security researchers who help improve morbac_pg security.